Ground one lead and use the other to light the bulb from each breaker.
Test at the breaker panel and again at the nearest junction box.
It's possible the brief high current burnt out a connection somewhere under a wire nut.
It may be the white wire has lost it's path to the neutral buss, at the breaker panel.
I have had to open a junction box and redo the white wires using a new wire nut.
There are power testers to check for the household voltage the exit light uses but did you replace the bulb as well to check if it blew out from this? also if its florescent you may have damaged the ballast.
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better get an electrician.
When changing out an exit light. Accidentally the white and black wires touched.There was a shocking sound. Then I pulled them apart. But the wires are no longer hot. I have tried tripping every breaker in the panel. And turning off the main power. How do i get the power on again? I can also tell the power is dead on the circuit because all the emergency lights are on.