EARTH GROUNDING IS A REQUIREMENT BY ELECTRIC SAFETY RULE.
Electrical earthing or grounding is a technique used to improve the safety of electrical appliances. hot/live and neutral carry power to an appliance. However an additional earthed core is included in the flex which supplies portable appliances or the fixed wiring of appliances such as storage heaters and electric ranges/cookers. The earth or ground wire doesn't normally carry and current and only does so if there is a fault in the appliance. It is only included when the casing of the appliance is metal and someone could touch that metal in normal use.
Consider the situation if a live conductor inside the appliance touches the casing. If the appliance isn't earthed and someone touches it, current will flow through their body to earth, possibly electrocuting them. By earthing the appliance, this dangerous current gets shunted or bypassed to earth. This normally causes a circuit breaker to trip. An RCD or GFI if fitted will also trip. Either way, the power will be shut off and the situation made safe.
For more information and diagrams, see this article:
The average domestic branch circuit is capable of carrying
1.8 kW before tripping it's fuse or circuit breaker. It's fairly
obvious that this is far more power than the minimum needed
for electrocution or a major fire.
Because even a few Watts of power can be lethal; any stray
power must have a proximate path to ground at low enough
resistance to trip circuit interruption provisions promptly.
Grounding has been required for every electrical service
installation since electricity became commercially available.
As installations now exceeding 100 years begin to fail, they
are failing safe (if not tampered with).
If any disadvantage exists, it is not known to me.
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